1. Vespa PM. A breath of fresh air: The potential use for hyperoxia in traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 36(1):363-5 (2008).

2. Vespa PM. A breath of fresh air: the potential use for hyperoxia in traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 36(1):363-5 (2008).

3. Vespa P. Cerebral salt wasting after traumatic brain injury: an important critical care treatment issue. Surg Neurol. 69(3):230-2 (2008).

4. Loh Y, Vespa PM, Vinuela F. Focal meningoencephalitis and mycotic aneurysms from suspected aneurysm coil seeding. Neurology. 69(6):613 (2007).

5. Hebb MO, McArthur DL, Alger J, Etchepare M, Glenn TC, Bergsneider M, Martin N, Vespa PM. Impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography is associated with thalamic injury and predicts poor long-term outcome after human traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 24(4):579-90 (2007).

6. Dusick JR, Glenn TC, Lee WN, Vespa PM, Kelly DF, Lee SM, Hovda DA, Martin NA. Increased pentose phosphate pathway flux after clinical traumatic brain injury: a [1,2-(13)C(2)]glucose labeling study in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Feb 7; (2007).

7. Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E, Hanley D, Kase C, Krieger D, Mayberg M, Morgenstern L, Ogilvy CS, Vespa P, Zuccarello M. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Stroke. 38(6):2001-23 (2007).

8. Shields DC, Leiphart JW, McArthur DL, Vespa PM, LeVan Quyen M, Martinerie J, Soss JR. Cortical synchrony changes detected by scalp electrode electroencephalograph as traumatic brain injury patients emerge from coma. Surg Neurol. 67(4):354-9 (2007).

9. Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, McArthur D, Miller C, Eliseo M, Hirt D, Glenn T, Hovda DA. Pericontusional brain tissue exhibits persistent elevation of lactate/pyruvate ratio independent of cerebral perfusion pressure. Crit Care Med. 35(4):1153-60 (2007).

10. Hu X, Nenov V, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Vespa P, Martin N. Estimation of hidden state variables of the Intracranial system using constrained nonlinear Kalman filters. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 54(4):597-610 (2007).

11. Miller CM, Vespa PM, McArthur DL, Hirt D, Etchepare M. Frameless stereotactic aspiration and thrombolysis of deep intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with reduced levels of extracellular cerebral glutamate and unchanged lactate pyruvate ratios. Neurocrit Care. 6(1):22-9 (2007).

12. Vespa PM, Miller C, Hu X, Nenov V, Buxey F, Martin NA. Intensive care unit robotic telepresence facilitates rapid physician response to unstable patients and decreased cost in neurointensive care. Surg Neurol. 67(4):331-7 (2007).

13. Dusick JR, Glenn TC, Lee WN, Vespa PM, Kelly DF, Lee SM, Hovda DA, Martin NA. Increased pentose phosphate pathway flux after clinical traumatic brain injury: a [1,2-13C2]glucose labeling study in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 27(9):1593-602 (2007).

14. Hu X, Nenov V, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Characterization of interdependency between intracranial pressure and heart variability signals: a causal spectral measure and a generalized synchronization measure. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 54(8):1407-17 (2007).

15. Hu X, Miller C, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Adaptive computation of approximate entropy and its application in integrative analysis of irregularity of heart rate variability and intracranial pressure signals. Med Eng Phys. 2007 Aug 20; (2007).

16. Vespa PM, Miller C, McArthur D, Eliseo M, Etchepare M, Hirt D, Glenn TC, Martin N, Hovda D. Nonconvulsive electrographic seizures after traumatic brain injury result in a delayed, prolonged increase in intracranial pressure and metabolic crisis. Crit Care Med. 2007 Oct 23; (2007).

17. Schrader LM, Stern JM, Wilson CL, Fields TA, Salamon N, Nuwer MR, Vespa PM, Fried I. Low frequency electrical stimulation through subdural electrodes in a case of refractory status epilepticus. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Jan 31; (2006).

18. Marder VJ, Chute DJ, Starkman S, Abolian AM, Kidwell C, Liebeskind D, Ovbiagele B, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Vespa PM, Selco S, Rajajee V, Kim D, Sanossian N, Saver JL. Analysis of thrombi retrieved from cerebral arteries of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 37(8):2086-93 (2006).

19. Vespa P. Continuous electroencephalography for subarachnoid hemorrhage has come of age. Neurocrit Care. 4(2):99-100 (2006).

20. Vespa PM. Brain tissue oxygen monitoring: a measure of supply and demand. Crit Care Med. 34(6):1850-2 (2006).

21. Marder VJ, Chute DJ, Starkman S, Abolian AM, Kidwell C, Liebeskind D, Ovbiagele B, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Vespa PM, Selco S, Rajajee V, Kim D, Sanossian N, Saver JL. Analysis of Thrombi Retrieved From Cerebral Arteries of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2006 Jun 22; (2006).

22. Vespa P. The three tenors of subarachnoid hemorrhage: Fever, anemia, and hyperglycemia. Crit Care Med. 34(3):897-8 (2006).

23. Vespa P, Boonyaputthikul R, McArthur DL, Miller C, Etchepare M, Bergsneider M, Glenn T, Martin N, Hovda D. Intensive insulin therapy reduces microdialysis glucose values without altering glucose utilization or improving the lactate/pyruvate ratio after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 34(3):850-6 (2006).

24. Vespa P. The three tenors of subarachnoid hemorrhage: fever, anemia, and hyperglycemia. Crit Care Med. 34(3):897-8 (2006).

25. Vespa PM. The implications of cerebral ischemia and metabolic dysfunction for treatment strategies in neurointensive care. Curr Opin Crit Care. 12(2):119-23 (2006).

26. Vespa PM. Neurologic critical care: monitoring and treating the brain. Curr Opin Crit Care. 12(2):77 (2006).

27. Vespa P. Neurological and Neurosurgical Intensive Care, 4th edition. Crit Care. 10(1):302 (2006).

28. Vespa P. Continuous EEG monitoring for the detection of seizures in traumatic brain injury, infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage: "to detect and protect". J Clin Neurophysiol. 22(2):99-106 (2005).

29. Vespa PM. Multimodality monitoring and telemonitoring in neurocritical care: from microdialysis to robotic telepresence. Curr Opin Crit Care. 11(2):133-8 (2005).

30. Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hattori N, Wu HM, Huang SC, Martin NA, Glenn TC, McArthur DL, Hovda DA. Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and positron emission tomography study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 25(6):763-74 (2005).

31. Hillered L, Vespa PM, Hovda DA. Translational neurochemical research in acute human brain injury: the current status and potential future for cerebral microdialysis. J Neurotrauma. 22(1):3-41 (2005).

32. Vespa P. Robotic telepresence in the intensive care unit. Crit Care. 9(4):319-20 (2005).

33. Strong AJ, Boutelle MG, Vespa PM, Bullock MR, Bhatia R, Hashemi P. Treatment of critical care patients with substantial acute ischemic or traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 33(9):2147-9; author repl (2005).

34. Vespa P, McArthur D, Miller C, O'Phelan K, Frazee J, Kidwell C, Saver J, Starkman S, Martin N. Frameless stereotactic aspiration and thrombolysis of deep intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with reduction of hemorrhage volume and neurological improvement. Neurocrit Care. 2(3):274-81 (2005).

35. Miller CM, Vespa P. Intensive care of the acute stroke patient. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 8(2):92-102 (2005).

36. Cohan P, Wang C, McArthur DL, Cook SW, Dusick JR, Armin B, Swerdloff R, Vespa P, Muizelaar JP, Cryer HG, Christenson PD, Kelly DF. Acute secondary adrenal insufficiency after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Crit Care Med. 33(10):2358-66 (2005).

37. Hemphill JC 3rd, Bleck T, Carhuapoma JR, Chang C, Diringer M, Geocadin R, Mayer S, Samuels O, Vespa P. Is neurointensive care really optional for comprehensive stroke care?. Stroke. 36(11):2344-5 (2005).

38. Nuwer MR, Hovda DA, Schrader LM, Vespa PM. Routine and quantitative EEG in mild traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurophysiol. 116(9):2001-25 (2005).

39. Hu X, Nenov V, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Estimation of hidden state variables of the intracranial system using constrained nonlinear kalman filters. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 6:5631-4 (2005).

40. Wu HM, Huang SC, Hattori N, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Subcortical white matter metabolic changes remote from focal hemorrhagic lesions suggest diffuse injury after human traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery. 55(6):1306-15; discussio (2004).

41. Vespa PM. Perfusing the brain after traumatic brain injury: what clinical index should we follow?. Crit Care Med. 32(7):1621-3 (2004).

42. Vespa P, McArthur DL, Alger J, O'Phelan K, Hattori N, Wu C, Glenn T, Bergsneider M, Martin NA, Hovda DA. Regional heterogeneity of post-traumatic brain metabolism as studied by microdialysis, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography. Brain Pathol. 14(2):210-4 (2004).

43. Hattori N, Huang SC, Wu HM, Liao W, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Phelps ME, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Acute changes in regional cerebral (18)F-FDG kinetics in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med. 45(5):775-83 (2004).

44. Hattori N, Bergsneider M, Wu HM, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Huang SC. Accuracy of a method using short inhalation of (15)O-O(2) for measuring cerebral oxygen extraction fraction with PET in healthy humans. J Nucl Med. 45(5):765-70 (2004).

45. Vespa PM. The golden day after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 32(3):902-4 (2004).

46. Wu HM, Huang SC, Hattori N, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Yu CL, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Bergsneider M. Selective metabolic reduction in gray matter acutely following human traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 21(2):149-61 (2004).

47. Ostrem JL, Saver JL, Alger JR, Starkman S, Leary MC, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Vespa P, Villablanca JP, Gobin YP, Vinuela F, Kidwell CS. Acute basilar artery occlusion: diffusion-perfusion MRI characterization of tissue salvage in patients receiving intra-arterial stroke therapies. Stroke. 35(2):e30-4 (2004).

48. Vespa PM, Bleck TP. Neurogenic pulmonary edema and other mechanisms of impaired oxygenation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 1(2):157-70 (2004).

49. Vespa P. What is the optimal threshold for cerebral perfusion pressure following traumatic brain injury?. Neurosurg Focus. 15(6):E4 (2003).

50. Hattori N, Huang SC, Wu HM, Yeh E, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, McArthur D, Phelps ME, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Correlation of regional metabolic rates of glucose with glasgow coma scale after traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med. 44(11):1709-16 (2003).

51. Leary MC, Kidwell CS, Villablanca JP, Starkman S, Jahan R, Duckwiler GR, Gobin YP, Sykes S, Gough KJ, Ferguson K, Llanes JN, Masamed R, Tremwel M, Ovbiagele B, Vespa PM, Vinuela F, Saver JL. Validation of computed tomographic middle cerebral artery "dot"sign: an angiographic correlation study. Stroke. 34(11):2636-40 (2003).

52. Glenn TC, Kelly DF, Boscardin WJ, McArthur DL, Vespa P, Oertel M, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M, Hillered L, Martin NA. Energy dysfunction as a predictor of outcome after moderate or severe head injury: indices of oxygen, glucose, and lactate metabolism. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 23(10):1239-50 (2003).

53. Parodi S, Lechner A, Osih R, Vespa P, Pegues D. Nosocomial enterobacter meningitis: risk factors, management, and treatment outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 37(2):159-66 (2003).

54. Shih LC, Saver JL, Alger JR, Starkman S, Leary MC, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Villablanca JP, Vespa PM, Kidwell CS. Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging thresholds identifying core, irreversibly infarcted tissue. Stroke. 34(6):1425-30 (2003).

55. Zanier ER, Lee SM, Vespa PM, Giza CC, Hovda DA. Increased hippocampal CA3 vulnerability to low-level kainic acid following lateral fluid percussion injury. J Neurotrauma. 20(5):409-20 (2003).

56. Vespa PM, McArthur D, O'Phelan K, Glenn T, Etchepare M, Kelly D, Bergsneider M, Martin NA, Hovda DA. Persistently low extracellular glucose correlates with poor outcome 6 months after human traumatic brain injury despite a lack of increased lactate: a microdialysis study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 23(7):865-77 (2003).

57. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Villablanca JP, Duckwiler G, Fredieu A, Gough K, Leary MC, Starkman S, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Vespa P, Liebeskind DS, Alger JR, Vinuela F. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: an emerging application. Stroke. 33(1):95-8 (2002).

58. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Carneado J, Sayre J, Starkman S, Duckwiler G, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Vespa P, Villablanca JP, Liebeskind DS, Vinuela F. Predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in patients receiving intra-arterial thrombolysis. Stroke. 33(3):717-24 (2002).

59. Oertel M, Kelly DF, Lee JH, McArthur DL, Glenn TC, Vespa P, Boscardin WJ, Hovda DA, Martin NA. Efficacy of hyperventilation, blood pressure elevation, and metabolic suppression therapy in controlling intracranial pressure after head injury. J Neurosurg. 97(5):1045-53 (2002).

60. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Starkman S, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Vespa P, Villablanca JP, Liebeskind DS, Gobin YP, Vinuela F, Alger JR. Late secondary ischemic injury in patients receiving intraarterial thrombolysis. Ann Neurol. 52(6):698-703 (2002).

61. Vespa PM, Boscardin WJ, Hovda DA, McArthur DL, Nuwer MR, Martin NA, Nenov V, Glenn TC, Bergsneider M, Kelly DF, Becker DP. Early and persistent impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography monitoring as predictive of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 97(1):84-92 (2002).

62. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, Warach S, Liebeskind DS, Starkman S, Vespa P, Vinuela F, Villablanca JP, Martin NA, Frazee J, Alger JR. Diffusion-perfusion MR evaluation of perihematomal injury in hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 57:1611-1617. (2001).

63. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, Starkman S, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Vespa P, Villablanca JP, Liebeskind DS, Woods RP, Alger JR. Diffusion-perfusion MRI characterization of post-recanalization hyperperfusion in humans. Neurology. 57:2015-2021 (2001).

64. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Villablanca JP, Duckwiler G, Fredieu A, Gough K, Leary MC, Starkman S, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Vespa P, Liebeskind DS, Alger JR, Vinuela F. MRI detection of microbleeds prior to thrombolysis: an emerging application. Stroke. 33:95-98 (2001).

65. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, Warach S, Liebeskind DS, Starkman S, Vespa P, Vinuela F, Villablanca JP, Martin NA, Frazee J, Alger JR. Diffusion-perfusion MR evaluation of perihematomal injury in hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 57:1611-1617 (2001).

66. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, Starkman S, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Vespa P, Villablanca JP, Liebeskind DS, Woods RP, Alger JR. Diffusion-perfusion MRI characterization of post-recanalization hyperperfusion in humans. Neurology. 57:2015-2021 (2001).

67. Lee J, Kelly D, Glenn T, Vespa P, Hovda DA, Martin NA. Carbon dioxide reactivity, pressure autoregulation and metabolic suppression reactivity after head injury: A transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. J Neurosurg. 2:222-32 (2001).

68. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattielo J, Warach S, Liebeskind D, Starkman S, Vespa PM, Martin NA, Villablanca JP, Frazee J, Alger JR. Diffusion-perfusion MRI evaluation of perihematomal injury in hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 57:1611-1617 (2001).

69. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, Starkman S, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Vespa P, Kalafut M, Alger JR. Thrombolytic Reversal of Acute Human Cerebral Ischemic Injury shown by Diffusion/Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Annals of Neurology. 47:462-9 (2000).

70. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, Starkman S, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Gobin P, Jahan R, Vespa P, Kalafut M, Alger JR. Thrombolytic reversal of acute human cerebral ischemic injury shown by diffusion/perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of Neurology. 47:462-469 (2000).

71. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, Starkman S, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Gobin P, Jahan R Vespa P, Kalafut M, Alger JR. Thrombolytic reversal of acute human cerebral ischemic injury shown by diffusion/perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of Neurology. 47:462-469 (2000).